Nginx 安装与配置指南

最新版安装步骤及常用配置说明

1安装步骤

更新系统包

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

安装Nginx

sudo apt install nginx -y

启动Nginx服务

sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx
验证安装：访问服务器IP地址，应该看到Nginx欢迎页面

2基础配置

主配置文件

sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

常用配置项示例

user www-data;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    
    # 其他配置...
}

3虚拟主机配置

创建站点配置文件

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com

配置示例

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    
    root /var/www/example.com/html;
    index index.html index.htm;
    
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
    
    access_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/example.com.error.log;
}
启用配置： 
sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

4SSL配置

使用Let's Encrypt证书

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com

自动续期测试

sudo certbot renew --dry-run